Greatness
of Heart: The
Virtue of Magnanimity
.
Giving
the best we have and holding nothing
back
.
By Don Schwager
The crowning virtue
Magnanimity has long been recognized as a
key virtue for leaders and for everyone who
desired to do great and honorable deeds for
the people they served, even in the face of
difficulty, and at the cost of great personal
sacrifice. It is an essential virtue for
parents and those who work with young people,
for teachers, mentors, and pastoral workers
who aspire to excellence in training and
helping others grow in maturity and strong
character. Aristotle called it “the crowning
virtue.” Like a magnificent crown adorned with
numerous jewels and precious gems, magnanimity
ennobles all of the virtues and directs them
to the generous service of others – to many
great and noble deeds.
The word “magnanimity” comes from the Latin
word, magnanimus, which is derived
from the Greek word, mega-lopsuchia,
which literally means “great of soul”: magnus
in Latin means “great,” large,” and “noble,”
and animus in Latin refers to “heart,”
mind,” “soul,” or “spirit.”
Magnanimity describes the man or woman who
has a “great heart,” a “noble mind,” and a
“generous spirit” who takes delight in doing
great deeds for the benefit of others. It is
especially marked by an attitude of
benevolence – freely giving to others and
aiding them without any expectation of
repayment or reward. Magnanimity not only
treats others with fairness and kindness, it
is also generous in forgiving insults and
injuries, even of one’s enemies, because it
refuses to be swayed by petty resentfulness or
vindictiveness.
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David's great and
noble heart
Afterward David also arose, and went
out of the cave, and called after
Saul, “My lord the king!” And when
Saul looked behind him, David bowed
with his face to the earth, and did
obeisance.
And David said to Saul,
“Why do you listen to the words of
men who say, ‘Behold, David seeks
your hurt'? Lo, this day your eyes
have seen how the LORD gave you today into my
hand in the cave; and some bade me
kill you, but I spared you.” I
said, “I will not put forth my
hand against my lord; for he is
the LORD'S anointed.” …
And Saul lifted up his
voice and wept. He said to David,
“You are more righteous than I;
for you have repaid me good,
whereas I have repaid you
evil.”
- 1 Samuel 24:8-10,
16-17
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Aristotle (384-322 BC) described the
magnanimous person as one who aims at great
acts of virtue and who attempts things
genuinely worthy of honor. Such a person
attempts and achieves great things because
they are appropriate expressions of the
excellence he or she has, and not because he
or she craves affirmation from others or
desires glory. The magnanimous person “is more
solicitous about truth than about human
opinion. Such a person “does not depart from
what he ought to do…because of what others
think.”
Great heart and noble
mind
When something is “magnified” it is made
bigger or greater, and held in higher esteem.
Magnanimity enlarges the heart of the giver to
be ever more generous and ready to give the
best one has to offer. It also enlarges the
mind to think more nobly and well of others
because it recognizes the great value and
worth of those who receive the gift or
benefit. Receiving a generous gift or benefit
can also enlarge the heart of the recipient
who accepts with great gratitude and
thanksgiving what has been given. And it can
enlarge the mind as well when the recipient
recognizes the great value of the gift.
We “magnify” others by expressing to them
their true worth when we bestow on them the
best we have to offer. God gives generously
and always for the benefit of those he wishes
to bless and make great. We imitate God when
we give to others the best we have. Scripture
reminds us that God has created every man and
woman in his own image and likeness (Genesis
1:26-27) – that is where their true value and
greatness come from and that is why they are
worthy to receive the best we can give to
them.
How can we be like God? When God revealed
himself to Moses, he expressed his character
to him:
The LORD
passed before him [Moses], and proclaimed,
“The LORD, the LORD, a God merciful and
gracious, slow to anger, and abounding in
steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping
steadfast love for thousands, forgiving
iniquity and transgression and sin” (Exodus
34:6-7).
We reflect God’s likeness most when we treat
others with generous and gracious acts of
kindness, compassion, steadfast love,
forbearance, patience, and forgiveness. These
are the qualities and great character traits
which make us truly like God.
All for God
The word “magnanimity” is rarely used in the
Bible – there are only a few uses of the term
in the Greek manuscripts of the Old and New
Testaments. However, the Scriptures do use a
variety of expressions to describe the great
quality of this virtue. I believe that one key
expression of this virtue can be found in the
biblical use of the word “all” – especially
when describing how one should relate to God.
God is very generous and magnanimous towards
us – he is all-loving, merciful, and faithful.
And God commands that we in turn give him our
all as well. We see this in the first
and great commandment:
“You shall love the Lord your God
with all your heart, and with all your
soul, with all your mind, and with all
your strength” (Mark 12:29-30; Deuteronomy
6:5; Luke 10:27). The second is, “You
shall love your neighbor as yourself.” There
is no other commandment greater than these
(Mark 12:31; Leviticus 19:18).
Love of God and love of neighbor are never to be
compromised – they are all-encompassing
and meant to permeate everything we do with our
lives.
John Wesley (1703-1791), the great founder of
the Methodist movement, wrote the following
verses as a summary of his rule for Christian
living:
Do all the good you can,
By all the means you can,
In all the ways you can,
In all the places you can,
At all the times you can,
To all the people you can,
As long as ever you can!
God gave all for us in his Son, our Lord Jesus
Christ, and he desires that we give him our all
as well. If we desire to be “all-out” for
Christ, then it is fitting that we give him our
100 percent – all that we have, and hold nothing
back because he is worthy.
Models of generous
giving
In the Gospel accounts we can see how Jesus
honored individuals who were “all-out” in
giving generously to the Lord. Jesus praised a
poor widow who offered to God all that
she had:
He looked up and saw the rich
putting their gifts into the treasury; and he
saw a poor widow put in two copper coins. And
he said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow
has put in more than all of them; for they all
contributed out of their abundance, but she
out of her poverty put in all the living
that she had” (Luke 21:3-4).
Jesus promised great reward to Peter and to all
the disciples who left all to follow
him:
Peter said to him [Jesus], “We have
left all we had to follow you!” “I
tell you the truth,” Jesus said to them, “no
one who has left home or wife or brothers or
parents or children for the sake of the
kingdom of God will fail to receive many times
as much in this age, and in the age to come
eternal life” (Luke 18:28-30).
Jesus praised a woman who poured out all
of her very expensive ointment, worth more
than a year’s wages, as an expression of
gratitude for Jesus’ mercy towards her:
Now when Jesus was at Bethany in the
house of Simon the leper, a woman came up to
him with an alabaster flask of very
expensive ointment, and she poured it on
his head, as he sat at table. But when the
disciples saw it, they were indignant, saying,
“Why this waste? For this ointment might have
been sold for a large sum, and given
to the poor.” But Jesus, aware of this, said
to them, “Why do you trouble the woman? For
she has done a beautiful thing to me... Truly,
I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached
in the whole world, what she has done will be
told in memory of her” (Matthew 26:6-10,13).
Grateful stewards of God
For the Christian, magnanimity is only truly a
virtue when it is rooted in gratitude, humility,
and the acknowledgment of our dependence on God.
Magnanimity gives freely and generously because
it acknowledges that everything we have is a
gift from God – our health, strength, wisdom,
and talents. God wants us to use our talents and
resources for the building up of his kingdom and
for the generous service of his people.
Jesus’ parable of the talents (Luke 19:15-24)
praises those who wisely and generously invest
the gifts and resources which have been
entrusted to them by their master. And he also
warns those who ignore or refuse to use their
talents and resources for the Master’s sake,
whether out of personal fear or
self-interest.
Parable of
the King's Servants: the good
and
faithful and the wicked and
slothful
|
When
he returned, having received the
kingdom, he commanded these
servants, to whom he had given the
money, to be called to him, that he
might know what they had gained by
trading. The first came before him,
saying, “Lord, your pound has made
ten pounds more.” And he said to
him, “Well done, good servant!
Because you have been faithful in a
very little, you shall have
authority over ten cities.” And the
second came, saying, “Lord, your
pound has made five pounds.” And he
said to him, “And you are to be over
five cities.” Then another came,
saying, “Lord, here is your pound,
which I kept laid away in a napkin;
for I was afraid of you, because you
are a severe man; you take up what
you did not lay down, and reap what
you did not sow. He said to him, “I
will condemn you out of your own
mouth, you wicked servant! You knew
that I was a severe man, taking up
what I did not lay down and reaping
what I did not sow? Why then did you
not put my money into the bank, and
at my coming I should have collected
it with interest?” And he said to
those who stood by, “Take the pound
from him, and give it to him who has
the ten pounds.” - Luke 19:15-24
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Like the good stewards in Jesus’ parables
(Matthew 25:14-30, Luke 19:15-24) who freely
invest all the resources the Master has placed
at their disposal, the magnanimous man and
woman of God take delight in investing all of
their resources, including their time, gifts,
strengths, and talents, for the Lord and the
people they serve. They trust that God will
not only be pleased with their generosity, but
will increase and multiply their fruitfulness
in doing even greater works. God loves a
cheerful giver, and returns many times more
than we can give, expecting more generous
deeds to follow, and granting more fruitful
harvest in return.
Is there anything we possess, whether gifts,
talents, and resources, which we can claim as
simply our own? As Christians we know that we
belong to God and everything we have belongs
to him as well. We are simply his stewards who
have been ransomed from slavery to sin and
death “with the precious blood of Christ” (1
Peter 1:18-19), who suffered and died on the
cross for our salvation. That is why gratitude
is the only proper response to the exceeding
grace and mercy which God has lavished upon us
through his Son, Jesus Christ.
But our gratitude for what Christ has done
for us cannot be complete until we give back
to God an offering of thanksgiving. God the
Father has given us the best he has through
his Son, and he desires that we give him the
best we can offer in return. The best act of
thanksgiving we can make is the giving over of
our entire lives and all that we have to God.
Rooted in gratitude and
dependence on God
When magnanimity is properly rooted in
gratitude to God and dependence on God’s help
and power, it frees us to pursue even greater
works for the Lord, while at the same time
expecting God to increase our capacity and
strength for carrying them out. Magnanimity
requires trust in God and not in ourselves.
God has called us, and with the call gives us
all the strength and help we need.
Rebecca Konyndyk DeYoung, in her excellent
dissertation on “Aquinas’s Virtues of
Acknowledged Dependence: A New Measure of
Greatness”, shows how dependence on God and
trust in his help frees us from presumption
and faint-heartedness, so we can serve God and
others generously with magnanimity.
For God’s power in us to be
efficacious, we must be willing to receive
God’s gracious assistance, to receive it as a
gift, and to trust that what is needful will
be given. Precisely because magnanimity
depends on God’s power and trusts his
goodness, it protects us from smug presumption
on the one hand and pusillanimous
(small-minded/faint-hearted) despair on the
other. Both vices are caused by a view of the
self and its accomplishments without the aid
of grace. The first takes the form of thinking
our own power is sufficient for goodness so
that we are independently worthy of honor; the
second thinks that since we are absolutely
helpless and hopeless on our own there is no
reason to even try to be good. Thus to the
presumptuous person, God says, “You cannot do
this on your own” – and to those overwhelmed
by a sense of their own inadequacy, God says,
“You don’t have to do this on your own.…The
gifts are given, not just for us, but also for
God and for others. When the pusillanimous
(small-minded/faint-hearted) person shrinks
back from using his or her gifts to help
others and meet their needs, then his or her
neglect will be their loss as well.
Pusillanimity makes the world a poorer
place.
There are many examples throughout Christian
history of great men and women of magnanimity
who generously served God and their communities.
John Wesley is one example of an ordinary
Christian who struggled for a long time in
trying to serve God on his own strength, before
discovering how the gift of faith and the power
and working of the Holy Spirit enabled him to
pursue great things for advancing the Lord’s
work in England.
John Wesley’s covenant
with God
One of the greatest worldwide evangelistic
renewal movements of the 18th century began in
London in 1737. It was started by an unlikely
and ordinary minister from the Church of
England named John Wesley (1703-1791). John
went to the new colonies in America to
evangelize the native Indians, but he returned
in failure and disgrace. It was only after he
sought counsel and help from the Moravian
brethren, who were known for their radical
faith and trust in God’s guidance and power,
that he discovered what was missing in his
relationship with God. One evening after
listening to the Moravians speak about
Christ’s work of salvation in their personal
lives, John experienced a profound and
personal encounter with the Lord. He wrote in
his journal that his “heart was strangely
warmed” that evening. He experienced his faith
coming alive through the gift and working of
the Holy Spirit.
John began to go from church to church,
preaching from the pulpits on the power of
faith and the work of the Holy Spirit to make
Christ come alive in the hearts of
individuals. His message met stiff resistance
from most of the clergy. After a number of
church doors were closed to John, a new door
and field for evangelism and mission
opportunities began to open. John began to
boldly preach throughout the public town
squares of England, and even in the open
fields. The response was immediate and
electrifying – dozens of people, young and old
who had never or rarely set foot in a church,
came to hear his preaching. As word of mouth
spread, hundreds and then thousands came to
hear John Wesley preach.
John’s method of outdoor preaching and
forming disciples for Christ began to spread
rapidly throughout the British Isles. It
quickly spread to the colonies in North
America, and in time grew into a worldwide
movement through the preaching of Methodist
missionaries.
Wesley’s method of preaching and forming
disciples for Christ was simple and very
effective. He first went directly to the
people and spoke the gospel message in the
open market places, inns, and countryside,
wherever people would gather. He spoke the
gospel message in the words the people could
understand and he trusted in the power and
inspiration of the Holy Spirit to open the
ears and hearts of his listeners to believe
and understand what the Lord Jesus had done
for them and was offering to them through the
work of the Holy Spirit. He followed up his
preaching by establishing local societies that
met regularly for common prayer and teaching,
and cell groups (usually composed of no more
than 12 people each) that met weekly for the
study of Scripture, prayer support, and
personal growth in holiness through mutual
care and accountability. The local societies
also organized many voluntary works of mercy
for those in need, especially for the poor,
those in prison, and people struggling with
addictions, the slave trade, and
prostitution.
John Wesley wrote a Covenant Prayer for the
members of the Methodist Societies which grew
up as part of his work. The Covenant Prayer
beautifully expresses profound gratitude to
God and the offering of one’s life in total
dedication through a covenant commitment with
God.
I am no longer my own but yours.
Put me to what you will, rank me with whom you
will.
Put me to doing, put me to suffering.
Let me be employed for you, or laid aside for
you,
exalted for you, or brought low for you.
Let me be full, let me be empty.
Let me have all things, let me have nothing.
I freely and wholeheartedly yield all
things
to your pleasure and disposal.
And now, glorious and blessed God,
Father, Son and Holy Spirit,
you are mine and I am yours. So be it.
May this covenant made on earth continue for
all eternity.
Amen.
This covenant prayer was solemnly renewed each
year in all of the local Methodist Societies. In
many of the yearly Covenant Renewal Services the
following prayer was also added:
Christ has many services to be done.
Some are easy, others are difficult. Some
bring honor, others bring reproach. Some are
suitable to our natural inclinations and
temporal interests, others are contrary to
both... Yet the power to do all these things
is given to us in Christ, who strengthens us.
The generous witness and
great-hearted service of Chuck Colson
Charles Colson (1931-2012) was a convicted
former special counsel to President Nixon in the
early 1970s. While serving a seven month prison
term in 1974, he attended a weekly bible study
group and discovered a new way of life as a
disciple of Jesus Christ. For the remaining 38
years of his life he poured his gifts and energy
into prison ministry. He became a very
warm-hearted, generous, and magnanimous
Christian leader who brought the gospel message
of forgiveness, reconciliation, and
transformation in Christ to many thousands of
prisoners and their families. He established
numerous Christian fellowships and communities
around the world through the Prison Fellowship
ministry which he founded. Like John Wesley’s
movement, the Prison Fellowship ministry focused
on evangelism and personal conversion to Christ,
and the formation of small groups that meet
regularly for Bible study, prayer support, and
personal accountability, as well as practical
and material help and support, not only for the
prisoners, but their families as well.
In his book, Against the Night, Colson
described how one individual can make a
significant contribution and even impact history
for better or for worse. He highlights how
godly women and men of faith, who strove to give
their all to God, were able to accomplish great
things for God, amidst tremendous struggles and
challenges, and even in some of the darkest
places of the world where corruption, slavery,
and persecution abounded.
Yet it is men and women, under his
[God’s] jurisdiction, who write the pages of
history through the sum of their choices. We
never know what minor act of hopeless courage,
what word spoken in defense of truth, what
unintended consequence might swing the balance
and change the world. “The death of a man at a
critical juncture, his disgust, his retreat,
his disgrace, have brought innumerable
calamities on a whole nation. A common
soldier, a child, a girl at the door of an
inn, have changed the face of fortune, and
almost of Nature,” said Edmund Burke.
Burke was referring to historical figures.
The man who died at a critical juncture was
Pericles, the Athenian general who shaped
his culture; the man who retreated was Prime
Minister Pitt on his retirement from public
life. The child was twelve-year-old
Hannibal, taking an oath to one day attack
Rome; and the girl at the inn was Joan of
Arc.
History pivots on the actions of
individuals, both great and ordinary. In
this regard one cannot help thinking of
Esther, the young Israelite woman who
married into royalty just when evil men were
plotting the annihilation of the Jews in the
fourth century B.C. Her uncle urged her to
plead with her husband the king to save her
people; when Queen Esther faltered, he added
his famous remonstration: “Who knows but
that you have come to royal position for
such a time as this?”
Esther found her courage renewed, despite
the knowledge she might die. Advisors,
friends, and officials had been executed for
provoking her husband’s wrath. Nevertheless
she went to him, leaving her uncle the
message: “I will go to the king, even though
it is against the law. And if I perish, I
perish.”
Esther did not perish. Her decision to act
without knowing the outcome changed the
history of an entire race of people, an
event still celebrated at the annual Jewish
Feast of Purim.
No mere mortals
C.S. Lewis reminds us that there are no ordinary
people – no mere mortals. Each person’s destiny
will lead to immortal horror or everlasting
splendor.
It may be possible for each to think
too much of his own potential glory hereafter;
it is hardly possible for him to think too
often or too deeply about that of his
neighbor. The load, or weight, or burden of my
neighbor’s glory should be laid daily on my
back, a load so heavy that only humility can
carry it, and the backs of the proud will be
broken.
It is a serious thing to live in a society
of possible gods and goddesses, to remember
that the dullest and most uninteresting
person you talk to may one day be a creature
which, if you saw it now, you would be
strongly tempted to worship, or else a
horror and a corruption such as you now
meet, if at all, only in a nightmare.
All day long we are, in some degree,
helping each other to one or other of these
destinations. It is in the light of these
overwhelming possibilities, it is with the
awe and circumspection proper to them, that
we should conduct all our dealings with one
another, all friendships, all loves, all
play, all politics. There are no ordinary
people. You have never talked to a
mere mortal.
Nations, cultures, arts, civilization –
these are mortal, and their life is to ours
as the life of a gnat. But it is immortals
whom we joke with, work with, marry, snub,
and exploit – immortal horrors or
everlasting splendors.
This does not mean that we are to be
perpetually solemn. We must play. But our
merriment must be of that kind (and it is,
in fact, the merriest kind) which exists
between people who have, from the outset,
taken each other seriously – no flippancy,
no superiority, no presumption. And our
charity must be real and costly love, with
deep feeling for the sins in spite of which
we love the sinner – no mere tolerance or
indulgence which parodies love as flippancy
parodies merriment. Next to the Blessed
Sacrament itself, your neighbor is the
holiest object presented to your senses. (The
Weight of Glory)
Humble trust in God’s
strength
Another key virtue which is essential for
magnanimity to be properly directed is humility.
The virtue of humility is properly grounded in
the truth – the truth that we are sinners who
can do nothing apart from Christ (John 15:5),
that is, nothing of spiritual and eternal
consequence unless we are united with Jesus
Christ and cooperate with his guidance and help.
The Lord Jesus Christ entrusts each one of us,
as members of his body the church, with
spiritual power, authority, and gifts. Many of
us fail to recognize and use the gifts God gives
us, often because of our own ignorance. We fail
to recognize the Lord’s call and the spiritual
authority and gifts which come with the call.
Sometimes we fail to respond out of false
humility. We think we are too weak and unworthy
to do great works for God. This false humility
is really a form of pride because we refuse to
believe that God chooses to work in and through
ordinary and “cracked vessels” for his glory.
Paul the Apostle reminds us of an important
spiritual truth in two of his letters:
For consider your call, brethren;
not many of you were wise according to worldly
standards, not many were powerful, not many
were of noble birth; but God chose what is
foolish in the world to shame the wise, God
chose what is weak in the world to shame the
strong, God chose what is low and despised in
the world, even things that are not, to bring
to nothing things that are, so that no human
being might boast in the presence of God. He
is the source of your life in Christ Jesus,
whom God made our wisdom, our righteousness
and sanctification and redemption; therefore,
as it is written, “Let him who boasts, boast
of the Lord” (1 Corinthians 1:26-31).
But we have this treasure in earthen
vessels, to show that the transcendent power
belongs to God and not to us (2 Corinthians
4:7).
True humility allows us to place our trust
firmly in the Lord Jesus who wills to work in
and through us for his glory. The Lord Jesus, at
his last supper on the eve of his sacrifice,
told his disciples,
Truly, truly, I say to you, he who
believes in me will also do the works that I
do; and greater works than these will he do,
because I go to the Father (John 14:12).
A key obstacle that can hold us back from doing
great things for the Lord is our refusal to
believe and trust in God’s power to work in and
through us by his Spirit. That is why Paul the
Apostle urged his fellow believers and
co-workers in mission to not give into fear or
forget God’s presence and power residing within
each believer.
God is all-powerful and all-sufficient. He
has no need of us, mere men and women, who are
weak, ignorant, and subject to sin. But he has
chosen through his divine plan to do nothing
without us. That is why his Son became a man
of mortal flesh who suffered, died, and rose
for our sake. The Lord Jesus told his
disciples that they would carry on the work
which he began – proclaiming the good news of
the Gospel, and bringing God’s mercy, healing,
and deliverance to a lost generation in search
of peace, happiness, and freedom.
Vessels for noble use
Paul the Apostle urges us to choose to be
noble vessels for the Lord who are consecrated
and ready to do any work which the Lord
chooses to give us.
In a great house there are not only
vessels of gold and silver but also of wood
and earthenware, and some for noble use, some
for ignoble. If anyone purifies himself from
what is ignoble, then he will be a vessel for
noble use, consecrated and useful to the
master of the house, ready for any good
work. (2 Timothy 2:20-21)
Our mission as disciples of Jesus Christ is to
boldly live and proclaim the good news of the
kingdom of God and to act as his ambassadors.
When the world looks at Christians – especially
those who call themselves disciples of Jesus
Christ, do they see the face of Christ, the
heart of Christ, the mind of Christ, his loving
gaze, his healing touch, his warm embrace, his
mercy and forgiveness? It is the Lord’s desire
to transform us into his likeness – if we
cooperate with him and allow his Holy Spirit to
change and purify us from within. The Lord Jesus
himself puts within each of our hearts the
burning desire to be light that points others to
himself, and to be the hands, feet, and mouth of
Christ who bring good news to the poor, the
lame, the oppressed, and those blinded by sin
and ignorance. In short, to be magnanimous as he
is.
Distinguishing
“magnanimity / being great of heart” from
its extreme opposites:
.
Being “small-minded
/ faint-hearted” and “big-headed /
self-important”
.
Small-minded,
Faint-hearted
|
Noble-minded,
Great-hearted
|
Big-headed,
Self-Important ...............................................
|
Holds back from serving
and giving to others out of fear
of failure or lack of confidence
Holds back from giving
or serving
others due to ignorance of one’s
own
personal gifts, strengths, and
talents
|
Noble in character and
noble-minded
Strives to do what is
noble and excellent
Strives to do great
things for the benefit of others
Thinks the best of
others and holds them in
high estimation and esteem
Strives to give others
the best that can be offered
Great-hearted – takes
delight in doing good deeds and
helping others
Benevolent and
generous in giving freely of
one's time, resources, gifts,
and service to
others for their benefit
and not for the sake of personal
reward or payment
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The vain person thinks
he or she is worthy of great
things when he or she really is
not because they lack the
character to pursue
excellence
Big-headed and swollen
with conceit – exaggerated
estimation of oneself
Vanity – thinking they
are more intelligent and gifted
than they are
Puffed up with
self-importance and vanity –
thinking too highly of oneself
and not measuring up
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Mediocre, half-hearted,
irresolute
Timid, insecure,
afraid to take risks
Pre-occupied and
anxious about self
Self-defensive, easily
provoked
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The wise person who
remains meek in the face of
insults
The judge who is
fair-minded, merciful or lenient
in judgment, rather than
over-bearing or mean-spirited
The ruler who is kind in
his governance
Free from petty
resentfulness or vindictiveness,
especially towards one’s
enemies
Fair and equitable,
loves justice, but doesn’t
insist on the letter of the
law in order to preserve
the spirit of the law
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Demands that rights,
including one’s own, should be
upheld at all costs
Rash, harsh, abrasive,
and prone to unbridled anger
Haughty, overbearing,
condescending
Provokes others and
loves to pick a fight
Clashes too easily
with others, hard to get along
with
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Puny, stingy, petty
Lacks consideration of
others,
their needs, concerns, and
interests
|
Reasonable, fair,
gentle, mild, patient, and
considerate
Generous and gracious
in forgiving,
tolerant in the face of
insults
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Ungrateful, forgets the
good that others do
Inconsiderate of others and their
needs, concerns, and interests
Stands aloof, distant,
and cold
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Select
bibliography and references:
- Virtue
of Magnanimity, Summa Theologica II-II,
Q. 129, by Thomas Aquinas
- Magnanimity, Nicomachean Ethics,
IV, 3, by Aristotle
- “Magnanimity: Striving Towards
Great Things,” Virtuous Leadership,
Chapter 1, by Alexandre Harvard, 2007
Scepter Publishers
- “Aquinas’s
Virtues of Acknowledged Dependence: A
New Measure of Greatness,” by
Rebecca Konyndyk DeYoung
- Aristotle's
Great-Souled Man, by Jacob Howland,
Cambridge University Press
- Pride
and Humility: Tempering the Desire for
Excellence, by Craig A. Boyd
- Aristotle’s
Much Maligned Megalopsychos, by
Howard Curzer, Australasian Journal of
Philosophy, Vol. 69, No. 2: June 1991
- The
magnanimous man: a case for Aristotle
and Thomas Aquinas, by Jacques Kitua
- Usage of the Greek word for
magnanimous (μεγαλοπρεποῦς) in the Old and
New Testament periods, Theological
Dictionary of the New Testament, IV, pp.
542-544, by Gerhard Kittel, editor
- Against the Night © 1989, 1999
by Charles Colson. Published by Regal
Books, www.regalbooks.com
[Don
Schwager is a member of the Servants
of the Word and author of the Daily
Scripture
Readings and Meditations website.]..
Top
illustration: St. Francis of Assisi
befriends a leper and treats him like a
son, artist unknown
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